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TIME: Almanac 1995
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<text id=91TT2566>
<title>
Nov. 18, 1991: Battling L.A.'s Smog
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
Nov. 18, 1991 California:The Endangered Dream
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
ENVIRONMENT, Page 87
CALIFORNIA
Battling L.A.'s Smog
</hdr><body>
<p>By Jeanne McDowell
</p>
<p> James Lents knows better than anyone else how difficult
it will be to clean up the smoggy skies of Southern California.
As executive officer of the South Coast Air Quality Management
District (AQMD), Lents is charged with enforcing antipollution
regulations in the 6,600-sq.-mi. area that encompasses Los
Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino and Orange counties. The 12
million people, 8 million motor vehicles and 31,000 businesses
in the area spew 1,246 tons of noxious gases into the air every
day.
</p>
<p> The southland's smoggy air largely results from poor
atmospheric ventilation in the bowl-shaped South Coast Air
Basin, where an "inversion layer" traps pollutants under a lid
of hot air. In the daytime, ocean breezes waft pollution inland
all across the basin. Then sunshine triggers a photochemical
reaction that produces the highest ozone concentration in the
U.S. Established in 1977, the district aims to bring Southern
California's air quality into compliance with federal standards
by 2010. If the agency falls short of that goal, Washington
could take over. Given the terrain and the hodgepodge of local
governments involved, only a regional agency stands a chance of
developing a coherent smog-fighting strategy.
</p>
<p> In 1989 the district developed an ambitious strategy that
sets stringent emission levels for everything from motor
vehicles and power plants to consumer products. To curb the
southland's addiction to automobiles, businesses with more than
100 employees must provide incentives for car pooling and riding
public transportation; the plan will soon be extended to firms
with 50 or more workers. Companies that do not comply with the
rules risk fines as high as $25,000 a day.
</p>
<p> Another district initiative, however, has angered
environmentalists. A proposed "market-permit program" would
allow businesses that meet emission-reduction targets to sell
unused "emission credits" to firms that have failed to do so.
Critics charge that the program would encourage well-heeled
companies to buy their way out of compliance instead of reducing
pollution.
</p>
<p> While air quality in Southern California has improved
substantially, the AQMD's record is mixed. For one thing, the
agency has postponed its deadline for meeting federal standards
from the original 2007 deadline. "We have made progress, and the
air is much better than it was 20 years ago," says Lentz, "but
this is still the dirtiest air in the nation."
</p>
</body></article>
</text>